Hotspur HQ

GK Guglielmo Vicario

It is getting difficult to talk about Vicario because we are generally allowing so few shots at the moment, and he is dealing with through balls well. Today, however, he conceded both times United had chances. The first could be argued either way whether he should have come for the ball to help his defenders or should have saved the header. For the second he should have done better. It wasn’t the strongest of headers and again he was rooted to his line. Not the best from Vicario today, and he will likely be a lot busier in our next game.  Rating: 4

RB Pedro Porro

Delivery was poor today, particularly from corners. Porro also seemed to lose his bearing for Mbeumo’s goal although from his positioning it isn’t clear he could have got there anyway. Generally provided decent support with both attacking and defending but at critical times, it didn’t go Porro’s way today.  Rating: 5

LB Djed Spence

Defended well when needed. Spence covered a lot of ground, including both flanks to stop United breaks. Had one miskick in the first half where he misjudged the ball but thankfully was able to recover. Couldn’t get much success going forward, which we should see more of. No longer think of him as a right back playing out of position, which is credit to his performances for a while now.   Rating: 7

CB Christian Romero

Defended with his usual consistency and, like the rest of the side, rarely looked worried by United’s attacks. Had our first real chance of the game from a cross and, although he forced a decent save, Romero could have attacked the ball with more than just a flick. It was a better chance to score than it initially seemed. Rating: 8

CB Micky van de Ven

Did not run the length of the field to score a goal today, which we surely must be expecting every game from now on. On the more realistic side, Micky generally looked assured as usual, however just like last week he was involved in overplaying to gift the opening goal. Those tight situations are ones where we need to clear. Did make an excellent recovery tackle late on to stop a chance. Would have liked to have seen more from the late corner with de Light being the obvious United target at that point. Â Rating: 6

CM João Palhinha

Tackled well as always, and his positioning provided a good shield in front of the defenders. Palhinha didn’t get the ball forward quickly enough today, which partly is explained by the lack of movement in front of him. Had a good game off the ball but could have provided more drive and urgency when in possession. Bentancur was able to do this to a greater effect when he came on. Rating: 6

CM Pape Matar Sarr

Sarr’s inclusion in the starting lineup seemed like a good choice for his energy against Man United’s more static midfield. It worked to an extent but not as much as hoped. Sarr started well and was getting forward but seemed a bit more subdued for a large part of the game. Was also at fault when overplaying for the important first goal. Did get forward again more towards the end of the game but generally wasn’t the best performance we will see from Sarr.  Rating: 5

RW Brennan Johnson

Johnson helped his full back well and was involved in the attack more than in previous games but final ball or decision making often meant it broke down. Is a good finisher and had a goal disallowed for offside in the second half. This is probably Johnson’s best position for us, and can never rule out a goal from him, but he needs creative players around him. His strength is running into space, anticipating the pass, and finishing. Today we seemed to want him to take players on and create which did not bring success.  Rating: 4

AM Xavi Simons

Continued his improvement and looked the player who was at least playing with his head up and trying to create. Held the ball well though often found himself surrounded by opposition players with no support. Xavi will benefit from starting with Kudus when he returns. Has ability and hopefully seems to be adjusting the Premier League. Rating: 7

LW Richarlison

Had a difficult afternoon again. Continued to struggle to hold the ball up and play others into the game, which is a consistent problem. Defenders won most of the challenges with him again. Missed a great header early in the game, which should have been 1-0, then scored what looked to be the winner late on. Wasn’t to be 3 points, but great for him to get a much-needed goal. Rating: 5

CF Randal Kolo Muani

 Was not in the game, barely touched the ball, and was subbed at half time. There was a lack of involvement from the front players in general, so that didn’t help, but this was a game where we could have got at the United defenders a lot more. Muani looks stronger running with the ball than with his back to goal and would probably be more effective wide. Rating: 2

Substitutes: Kevin Danso, Mathys Tel, Destiny Udogie, Wilson Odobert, Rodrigo Bentancur

Tottenham Hotspur didn't beat Manchester United, and while that will sting a little bit after watching Matthijs de Ligt bury another back post header to sink Spurs comeback hopes, the reality is that Spurs should be happy they even got a point out of this game on the back of how they actually performed.

Spurs started the game with a lineup that put them in a position to lose, and fans couldn't help but feel their eyes burn when they watched the left sided axis of Djed Spence and Richarlison bumble about the pitch. Thomas Frank's decision to hook Randal Kolo Muani off instead of Richy came with some derision after continued incompetence from the Brazilian international, though he did end up redeeming himself with a fluky, decisive goal.

But it was really the shot that Richarlison deflected, which may have gone in anyway, that was worth writing home about. It was from a young player who stepped in to the position on the left and significantly upgraded the team, producing another quietly fine performance to establish himself as a key figure in the rotation.

Tottenham were putrid, as anyone would expect, with Spence starting at left back and Richarlison trying to salvage his Spurs career on the left wing (instead of striker). They were reborn when the actual best options at those positions, Destiny Udogie and Odobert, were introduced into the game.

Destiny Udogie is a nailed-on starter

It's a mistake Frank will hopefully make for the last time, and if he has any sense at all, it will be the last time Spence is trotted out there over Udogie. Maybe Frank didn't think Udogie was 100 percent ready for a full 90 minutes, because that's the only valid excuse for starting Spence, who is legitimately one of the worst starters in the entire Premier League because of how overrated he is defensively and how objectionally poor he is at the most important job of the left back, which is progressing the ball forward.

Odobert, meanwhlie, is a less obvious inclusion than Udogie, but there's no real alternative on the left wing. Mathys Tel came off the bench and scored, too, but the jury is still out on his fit as a left winger vs. a striker. And regardless, Odobert has been the best wide creator on that left flank and the only real option to navigate the right spaces and produce chances.

Tottenham are first up in the Premier League this weekend, as they welcome Manchester United to N17 in Saturday's early fixture.

Thomas Frank may well enter the dressing room ahead of kick-off and deliver a "Lads, it's Man Utd"-like speech to his players, given the success the Lilywhites had against the Red Devils last season. The fourth and most significant of their victories resulted in a 17-year wait for silverware drawing to a close.

However, it was Ange Postecoglou, not Frank, who often took the Red Devils for walks. The new Spurs boss is still searching for a statement win on home soil, having blown the opportunity last weekend against Chelsea.

At least the 4-0 battering of Copenhagen means the Lilywhites are entering Saturday's game in high spirits.

But so are Ruben Amorim's side. While 'The United Strand’s' wait for a haircut continues after United's three-game winning run was snapped by Nottingham Forest last weekend, the Red Devils are undoubtedly improving thanks to a stripped-back approach predicated on direct play.

These two sides are currently level on points in the Premier League table.

Here's our preview of Saturday's lunchtime clash.

Tottenham vs Man Utd: Preview, Prediction & Lineups

What time does Tottenham vs Man Utd kick off?

Tottenham vs Man Utd kicks off on Saturday 8 November at 12:30 BST.

When is kick off? Saturday 8 November, 2025

What time is kick off? 12:30 BST

Where is it played? Tottenham Hotspur Stadium, London

Referee:Â Sam Barrott

Tottenham vs Man Utd head-to-head record (last five games)

How to watch Tottenham vs Man Utd on TV & live stream

Tottenham team news

Mohammed Kudus is confident that he'll be fit for the weekend's game, having missed the Copenhagen win with a knock. However, the Ghanaian wasn't spotted in training on Thursday, so he's facing a race against time to declare himself available.

Cristian Romero and Destiny Udogie were back in the starting XI on Tuesday after recovering from their respective setbacks. They'll retain their places in Spurs' defence alongside Pedro Porro and Micky van de Ven.

The injury list otherwise remains unchanged, with Frank hopeful that Dominic Solanke will return to action after the international break.

João Palhinha will return to Spurs' midfield, and Frank could sacrifice Rodrigo Bentancur, whom, despite his standout performance in midweek, seemingly cannot work in tandem with the Portuguese international. Lucas Bergvall's concussion means Pape Matar Sarr should remain in the engine room.

Tottenham predicted lineup vs Man Utd:Â Vicario; Porro, Romero, Van de Ven, Udogie; Palhinha, Palhinha, Sarr; Kudus, Simons, Odobert; Kolo Muani.

Man Utd team news

United's reduced load this season has helped them out massively on the injury front, and the visitors are only without long-term absentee Lisandro Martínez this weekend.

A more direct approach has worked with and without a recognised No. 9, and it'll be interesting to see whether Amorim opts to use Benjamin Šeško as his focal point here. He's started back-to-back games, but Mason Mount has impressed when called upon this term.

Casemiro will partner Bruno Fernandes in midfield, while Frank will have to gameplan for his former star at Brentford, Bryan Mbeumo. Amad is developing a potent connection with the Cameroonian international down the right flank.

Patrick Dorgu could replace Diogo Dalot at left wing-back.

Man Utd predicted lineup vs Tottenham: Lammens; Yoro, De Ligt, Shaw; Amad, Casemiro, Fernandes, Dorgu; Mbeumo, Cunha; Šeško.

Tottenham vs Man Utd score prediction

United's midweek rests are paying dividends, and subtle changes in tack from Amorim means they're in a far better place than they ever have been under his tutelage.

Thus, the visitors, despite being held last weekend, will be confident of returning to winning ways and likely in a vengeful mood. However, their flaws without the ball means Spurs are unlikely to encounter the issues they did against Chelsea.

I'm expecting a gritty and bitty affair to kick-off the weekend, with a game of fine margins failing to return a victor.

Even though he started the season on a bit of a hot streak, Richarlison quickly came crashing back down to earth, and Tottenham Hotspur have not recovered an even remotely competent version of the Brazilian forward since.

It's been disasterclass after disasterclass from the former Everton star, as Richarlison continues to boggle the mind and make Spurs supporters question why on earth the club spent 60 million pounds, which was then a transfer record, for the forward.

The last straw may have been his performance in the Champions League against Copenhagen, because even though Spurs won comfortably 4-0 (despite a red card from forward Brennan Johnson, too), Richarlison somehow managed to distinguish himself for all the wrong reasons.

He missed chance after chance, operated on a totally individualistic wavelength separate from his more useful teammates, and even seemed to undermine the young Dane Scarlett, including taking - and missing - a penalty from the homegrown product.

There is no room for Richarlison

Therefore, Scarlett should be upgraded ahead of Richarlison in the Tottenham striker pecking order, which clearly has Randal Kolo Muani at the top and will have Dominic Solanke right behind him whenever the England international is finally ready to return from his foot injury.

There is simply and obviously no room for the thoroughly underwhelming Richarlison, who is offering nothing of use to the team. Meanwhile, Scarlett is young and has upside, and he's the kind of productive, hard-working striker who can carve out a niche rotational role and potentially be something for this team, whereas Richarlison is nothing more than fodder for the Turkish, United States, or Saudi Arabian leagues next summer.

It's time for Tottenham to continue their divestment from giving minutes to Richarlison and instead siphon a few of those opportunities to Scarlett before it's too late and Solanke comes in to take even more of those opportunities off the table.

Several Tottenham fans have been wanting to see the club give Scarlett more opportunities this season, especially under Thomas Frank, and Richarlison may have helped grant that wish on Tuesday night against Copenhagen by playing so poorly, which aided in highlighting Scarlett's own promising cameo.

Nobody should pretend that Scarlett is going to be world-class or should be recognized as a high end striker prospect, but, again, he has shown that he has more to offer to Tottenham than someone who continually wastes opportunities and holds the rest of the front line back.

Tottenham Hotspur are trying to build a younger squad that can dominate the next decade, and, as part of that, they made a trio of signings this past summer with a gear towards the future. Spurs signed Mathys Tel permanently from Bayern Munich after a promising six month loan, and then they bagged two of Europe's most talented ascending attackers in Mohammed Kudus and Xavi Simons.

But if you ask most Tottenham supporters, the best signing of the future that Tottenham made was the year before in Swedish center midfielder Lucas Bergvall, who started to break out at the end of the 2024/25 season and ended up playing a crucial role on the road to Spurs winning the Europa League title (well, before his injury cut his season short and prevented him from directly contributing against Manchester United in the end).

Bergvall hasn't been able to get as many minutes this season, which has frustrated Spurs fans since new manager Thomas Frank really should be giving him more starts than the less dynamic and talented Rodrigo Bentancur.

But that hasn't stopped Bergvall from getting widespread acknowledgment that he is a special talent. The CIES Football Observatory recently released their valuations of teenage talents in world football, and they valued him at 68 million euros, nearly seven times more than what Spurs originally paid for him.

A Tottenham star in the top 10

Not only that, but Bergvall is the 10th most valuable teenager in the world overall, valued just a handful of millions behind Real Madrid star forward Endrick, who cost the Merengues a lot more than Bergvall cost Tottenham and was originally hyped up as the next big thing in world football.

Now, Tottenham fans won't like that Bergvall is valued by CIES behind Arsenal's Myles Lewis-Skelly, but when you consider the players at the top of the list are phenoms like Pau Cubarsi, Lamine Yamal, Estevao Willian, and Franco Mastantuono, you really have to say that Bergvall is in a great spot and amongst iconic company.

Bergvall could be valued even higher and doing even more if Frank weren't holding him back a little bit. As it stands, Bergvall is just about as valuable as Endrick, and given what he has accomplished for Tottenham lately, it wouldn't be out of the question for Spurs fans to argue with CIES that their spots should be flipped. But being right behind Endrick isn't a shameful spot at all, especially when you consider that forwards usually go for more money than midfielders anyway.

Tottenham produced their most fluid and dynamic performance of the season without star attacker Mohammed Kudus on Tuesday night, but they desperately need the Ghanaian back for Saturday's clash with Manchester United.

After falling flat on their faces against Chelsea last weekend, Thomas Frank's side have another chance to produce a statement performance and win when an improving Red Devils outfit come to town.

The nature of their 4-0 victory over Copenhagen in the week allowed optimism to resurface in N17 ahead of the duel, with Spurs performing with a swagger against, albeit sub-par, opponents.

United, who we beat four times in three competitions last season, have vengeance on their mind this weekend, and Frank will be sweating over the fitness of Kudus.

Mohammed Kudus injury update ahead of Man Utd clash

The Ghanaian has been a hit since joining the club from West Ham in the summer, often functioning as a one-man brigade in Frank's attack. He leads Europe's top-five leagues for completed dribbles, and his five goal contributions in the Premier League this season co-lead the Tottenham charts with Richarlison.

He has looked more subdued since the October break, inhibited by Spurs' poor attacking balance and a couple of nasty challenges. James Garner and Joelinton have subjected Kudus to more than mere levellers in recent outings, and the knocks he's endured have taken their toll.

The winger missed training on Monday, although Frank suggested Kudus "could and should" be available for Tuesday's Champions League bout. However, the Ghanaian was left out, raising doubts over his status for the weekend.

There's been no update from Frank, but Kudus himself was in a talkative mood. According to Sun Sport's Jake Sanders (via Last World On Spurs on X), the Ghanaian has said his injury is 'getting better' and is hopeful of returning for United's visit.

Another journalist, Rahman Osman, went a step further. After a "lovely lil catch up with Kudus", Osman said the winger will be "fine for the weekend".

Despite a relatively quiet run, Kudus' swift comeback would be a big boost for the Lilywhites ahead of the final international break of 2025. We could really do with the 25-year-old remaining in north London as opposed to travelling with the national team. Ghana, who qualified for next summer's World Cup in October, have friendlies against Japan and South Korea scheduled.

If Kudus isn't risked this weekend, Brennan Johnson, who scored before seeing red on Tuesday night, is the most likely to step in to fill the void.

No matter what Randal Kolo Muani does for the remainder of his career, he will always be associated with one of the most significant butterfly effects in modern football history.

Lionel Messi wouldn't have gotten his hands on a legacy-sealing, career-completing World Cup if Kolo Muani had beaten Emiliano Martínez's outstretched left leg with 20 seconds to go in one of the all-time great finals.

Cristiano Ronaldo 'stans' have cursed the Frenchman since.

Those who cherished Ronaldo in Turin subsequently enjoyed what many felt was far too brief a taste of Kolo Muani at Juventus. Outcast in Paris, the versatile forward thrived for six months in Italy, but Juve's failure to reach an agreement with PSG for his services in the summer opened the door for alternative buyers.

And a forward-needy Spurs seized the opportunity. Thus far, though, Kolo Muani's time in north London has been dominated by contusions and whiffs in front of goal.

Despite that rather uninspiring summary, it's also become evident that Lilywhite supporters won't want to let go of the 26-year-old.

Randal Kolo Muani's impact clear despite goalscoring woes

It was an awkward summer for Kolo Muani, who was in limbo for much of it. He played at the Club World Cup with Juventus and was expecting to remain in Turin. A detour to north London at the end of the summer window meant he arrived undercooked.

A dead leg further delayed the start to his Tottenham career, and he didn't make his Premier League debut until October 19, during the 2-1 home defeat to Aston Villa.

Frank has since entrusted the French international with three starts in five, and while there's rust to shake off, Kolo Muani is proving himself to be the centre-forward this Spurs side needs in Dominic Solanke's continual absence.

"I think he’s just taking steps in the right direction, and he’s getting more and more fit," the manager said of Kolo Muani's performance against Copenhagen on Tuesday night. "And I will still go as far as I don’t think he’s fully firing yet. But you can see he’s such a handful to play against."

The Frenchman somehow ended a feel-good rout without a maiden Spurs goal, first placing an effort wide at the crescendo of some intuitive combination play that's seldom been a feature of our work with the ball so far this season. The striker then headed over from Xavi Simons' pinpoint cross at the end of the first half.

Despite the profligacy, the striker left the field in the 73rd minute to a standing ovation. A satisfied home faithful were appreciative, given the role he played in teeing up Wilson Odobert, who doubled our lead at the start of the second half. The striker harried Dominik Kotarski into his second notable blunder of the night, then plucked the ball out of the sky with the calm precision of a cricketer snaffling a catch at long on.

Surely desperate to atone for his earlier misses, Kolo Muani, who'd done so much to create the opening, instead opted to present Odobert with his first Champions League goal. In one fell swoop, the 26-year-old manifested his persistence, high technical level and selflessness.

He'll want to get off the mark sooner rather than later, but Kolo Muani's abilities as a combiner and facilitator will ensure Frank's Spurs enjoy a few more party-like nights as they did against Copenhagen.

Tottenham Hotspur have been slogging through games and dropping points when they should have been claiming all three, but for as many setbacks as there have been in the early going under new manager Thomas Frank, there have been more victories and a pervading sense that the club is heading in a better direction in the 2025/26 season than they were last season, especially in the English Premier League.

After a dreadful showing over the weekend in league play against powerful rivals Chelsea, Tottenham were able to get things right on Tuesday night in the Champions League with a 4-0 win over Copenhagen, finally taking advantage of a weaker opponent in the competition after previously drawing Bodo Glimt - one of their old Europa League punching bags.

On this day, young left winger Wilson Odobert was a cut above the rest on the flank, and with Mohammed Kudus out injured, the young Frenchman answered some serious questions that were posed to him by his own fanbase.

Odobert is too raw to be THE solution on the left wing every week, but with each passing week, the young prospect grows more confident. That quiet confidence was on display against Copenhagen, as Odobert won a trio of dribbles and even scored a well-taken goal in the 51st minute to put Tottenham truly in the driver's seat of the match.

For his youth national team of France, Odobert is a standout in nearly every match and provides obvious glimpses of the quality to become a future Premier League star. And on this day against Copenhagen, Odobert made his presence felt on the big stage.

He's been criticized more than he's been praised throughout the 2025/26 season, owing to the expectations placed on his shoulders as one of the main left wing options in a world without Son Heung-min, who rode off into the California sunset this summer transfer window.

But the praise needs to be as loud as the disrespect, and Odobert answered a lot of harsh criticisms with class and composure. His intelligence, nifty touches, and technical quality have not been lacking this season, and while the confidence and consistency have, that's the case for most young wingers playing for big clubs.

Odobert looked a lot more confident and effective against Copenhagen, and as he begins to truly put it all together for Tottenham, Frank may be looking at his new starting left winger for the next few months, at a minimum.

Richarlison has become a stain blighting the Tottenham Hotspur attack, which hasn't been particularly impressive even without him on the pitch. On more than one occasion this season, Richy has been the difference between victory and defeat in a negative way, and even when the rest of his teammates seem to stand out, the former Everton star has a knack for being the one big thing worth criticizing.

Such was the case again on Tuesday night in the Champions League. Tottenham romped to a 4-0 victory, and yet Richarlison flubbed his opportunity to regain some stature in the squad, coming in off the bench to help man the front line. All Richy did was proceed to miss golden opportunity after golden opportunity, which has merely become par for the course for him this season.

But what really irked Spurs supporters was how he almost seemed to actively hold promising young striker prospect Dane Scarlett back. Scarlett already gets so few opportunities, but he came right in and shined brightly. What Richarlison did, though, was steal that shine by running into his lanes, effectively sabotaging his ability to impact the game. And then, instead of letting Scarlett take the penalty, Richarlison took over and missed it poorly.

Richarlison was too selfish

Juxtapose Richarlison's selfish, single-minded display as a forward with Randal Kolo Muani's all-around quality and you can see why, even though RKM himself isn't doing much to score goals, the choice between the two No. 9's is obvious for Thomas Frank.

When Dominic Solanke finally returns from his pesky foot injury, there will be truly no place left for Richarlison. Kolo Muani and Solanke are obviously better, and after watching the two play against Copenhagen, it's honestly hard to justify giving Richarlison minutes over Scarlett when the latter has more long-term viability to Spurs.

What serves as a last straw on the Richarlison case for Tottenham fans is how selfish he was on Tuesday. Instead of helping Scarlett out and fostering the young striker's development, Richy took away from him and held back the team in doing so. When Tottenham were playing as well as they were against a subpar team in Copenhagen, Richarlison can't have any excuses at that point for not performing as a scorer, dribbler, or passer. He was a 0/10 in so many phases of the game, and at this point, the Brazilian international has made it official that he is untenable as a key member of the squad.

After Daniel Levy's departure was confirmed in the wake of the summer transfer window, some supporters, having celebrated the exit of a perceived tyrant, must've veered into a realm of existential doubt.

What now? Who can we blame for our failings? A new scapegoat had to emerge.

A hierarchical reshuffle means little is known about the new higher-ups in N17, and a fresh project should offer Thomas Frank some breathing room from mass scrutiny. However, the Dane came close to turning heads for all the wrong reasons against Chelsea on Saturday.

Spurs have been productive at the start of Frank's reign, but watchability has been an issue. Some of the performances have been particularly drab, as bad as we've seen in years, and the majority decided to place blame upon Frank's selection of Rodrigo Bentancur alongside summer arrival João Palhinha in midfield as the root of all evil.

Together, the pair worked well in the UEFA Super Cup and the impressive 2-0 win over Manchester City. But Frank's persistent usage of the partnership has been deemed emblematic of the manager's caution. Most are happy with Palhinha because of his defensive output, and perhaps it's the shiny new toy syndrome which has seen Bentancur catch most of the flak for Spurs' inability to shift possession from defence to attack.

But the Uruguayan can still play. His performance against Copenhagen proved that.

Rodrigo Bentancur is still good... when he doesn't play with João Palhinha

After Saturday's dire defeat to Chelsea, during which the Blues ruthlessly exposed Spurs' limitations in possession with a Bentancur x Palhinha pivot.

So, Frank opted to change tack on Tuesday night. In came Pape Matar Sarr for Palhinha, and Spurs produced their most fluid and efficient work in possession all season.

The issue isn't Bentancur or Palhinha individually, but the partnership simply doesn't work. Well, it has its place for specialised circumstances, but how can you explain Bentancur's sudden reversion to his 2022/23 Lilywhite apex just three evenings removed from a performance where Sky Sports pundit Jamie Carragher later accused him of lacking the "courage" to get on the ball?

" I don't think Bentancur has given the ball away once tonight."

TNT Sports commentator Darren Fletcher

He recorded a season-high 78 touches against Copenhagen, and one of his five ball recoveries led to the opening goal. Overall, Bentancur performed with an assurance that has often eluded him since his injuries. He was confident and assertive, in contrast to Saturday.

We know Bentancur can be a progressive force in the middle of the park. He's technically good enough to be the man who unlocks Xavi Simons ahead of him, but performing alongside Palhinha, who's brilliant at what he does, only seems to inhibit the Uruguayan. Together, they exacerbate each other's flaws, but, as I've alluded to, there will be times when the partnership makes sense.

The Portuguese's arrival on Tuesday offered greater security with a man disadvantage, and Spurs subsequently scored twice. Palhinha completed the rout by rounding off an utterly bizarre counter-attacking sequence that was led by Cristian Romero.

Simons' excellent hour earned him Player of the Match honours, but Bentancur was perhaps more deserving for returning to his elegant best. A new contract means the Uruguayan will be sticking around for a little while longer, and the midfielder proved against Copenhagen that he can thrive in a more dynamic framework.